In wich causes hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

 

In wich causes hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia : 

1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Hyperactivity of thyroid,pituitary or adrenal gland
3. Surgical removal of pancreas,pancreatitis,carcinoma of pancreas, fibrocytic disease
4. Intracranial diseases like meningitis, encephalitis, tumors and hemorrhage show a moderate hyperglycemia
5. Drug induced eg : thiazide diuretics,steroids,ACTH,thyroid extracts
6. High blood sugar, also called hyperglycemia, affects people who have diabetes. Several factors can play a role in hyperglycemia in people with diabetes. They include food and physical activity, illness, and medications not related to diabetes. Skipping doses or not taking enough insulin or other medication to lower blood sugar also can lead to hyperglycemia.

• It's important to treat hyperglycemia. If it's not treated, hyperglycemia can become severe and cause serious health problems that require emergency care, including a diabetic coma. Hyperglycemia that lasts, even if it's not severe, can lead to health problems that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart.

Early signs and symptoms

Recognizing early symptoms of hyperglycemia can help identify and treat it right away. Watch for: 

• Frequent urination 
• Increased thirst 
• Blurred vision 
• Feeling weak or unusually tired

hypoglycemia :

• Diabetic hypoglycemia occurs when someone with diabetes doesn't have enough sugar (glucose) in his or her blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body and brain, so you can't function well if you don't have enough. For many people, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is a blood sugar level below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). 
• But your numbers might be different. Ask your health care provider about the appropriate range to keep your blood sugar (target range). 
• Pay attention to the early warning signs of hypoglycemia and treat low blood sugar promptly. You can raise your blood sugar quickly by eating or drinking a simple sugar source, such as glucose tablets, hard candy or fruit juice. 
• Tell family and friends what symptoms to look for and what to do if you're not able to treat the condition yourself.

1. Most commonly seen due to over dosage of insulin in treatment of diabetes mellitus
2. hypothyroidism - cretinism,myxoedema
3. insulin secreting tumours of pancreas 
4. Hypoadrenalism
5. hypopituitarism
6. severe exercise
7. starvation
8. chronic alcoholism

congenital disease like - glycogen storage disorderd